{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:21:08Z","timestamp":1791073268403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,26]],"date-time":"2009-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Positive patch test reactions to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (PPD) are common. PPD is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary \u2018tattoos\u2019. Cross\u2010sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to PPD are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for \u2018current\u2019 prevalence data on PPD sensitization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To compare PPD patch test results from dermatitis patients tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive PPD patch test reactions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patch testing was performed using PPD (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malm\u00f6, Sweden), equivalent to 0.090\u2003mg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the TRUE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi\u2010squared test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21\u2003515 patients. PPD sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio\u2003=\u20032.40; 95% confidence interval\u2003=\u20032.07\u20132.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to PPD that were registered as being of either current or \u2018past\u2019 relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of PPD sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross\u2010sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01547.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,26]],"date-time":"2009-05-26T02:09:53Z","timestamp":1243303793000},"page":"314-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["<i>p<\/i>\u2010Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jacob Pontoppidan","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus Ejner","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Diepgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M","family":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gon\u00e7alo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Le 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