{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1792088207147,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is the second part of a review article on formaldehyde\u2010releasers used as durable press chemical finishes (DPCF) in textiles. The early finishes contained large amounts of free formaldehyde, which led to many cases of allergic contact dermatitis to clothes in the 1950s and 1960s. Currently, most finishes are based on modified dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea, which releases less formaldehyde. Nevertheless, recent studies in the United States and Israel have identified patients reacting to DPCF, considered to have allergic contact reactions to clothes, either from formaldehyde released by the DPCF therein or from the DPCF <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> (in patients negative to formaldehyde). However, all studies had some weaknesses in design or interpretation and in not a single case has the clinical relevance been proven. The amount of free formaldehyde in most garments will likely be below the threshold for the elicitation of dermatitis for all but the most sensitive patients. The amount of free cyclized urea DPCF in clothes is unlikely to be high enough to cause sensitization. Patch test reactions to formaldehyde\u2010releasing DPCF will in most cases represent a reaction to formaldehyde released from the test material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01698.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,4]],"date-time":"2010-03-04T02:18:44Z","timestamp":1267669124000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Formaldehyde\u2010releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Part 2. Formaldehyde\u2010releasers in clothes: durable press chemical finishes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Anton C.","family":"De Groot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe J.","family":"Le Coz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerda J.","family":"Lensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u2010Ann","family":"Flyvholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter\u2010Jan","family":"Coenraads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-199206000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70295-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(00)90029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.2.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70587-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-200306000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.06060","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch\u2010test results, 2003\u20132004 study period","volume":"19","author":"Warshaw E M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2004.04038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2004.04021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.44020911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","article-title":"Does allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable\u2010press chemical finishes exist in the USA?","author":"De Groot AC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.05003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(96)90055-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1995.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74299-6_68"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Contact allergic dermatitis from melamine formaldehyde resins in a patient with a negative patch\u2010test reaction to formaldehyde","volume":"19","author":"Gavin J G","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199904000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(97)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb03972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Textile contact dermatitis presenting as lichen amyloidosus","volume":"42","author":"Trattner A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2000.00025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Fisher's Contact Dermatitis","author":"Rietschel R L","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1962.01590120051008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.vwa.nl\/(last accessed 8 January 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","volume-title":"European Survey on the Release of Formaldehyde from Textiles","author":"Piccinini P","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.accc.gov.au\/content\/index.phtml\/itemId\/801314\/fromItemId\/2332(last accessed 8 November 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.consumeraffairs.govt.nz\/mediacentre\/mediareleases\/2007\/20071017\u2010formaldehyde\/(last accessed 8 November 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","volume-title":"Survey of Chemicals in Consumer Products No. 23","author":"Elleb\u00e6k Laursen S","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.apparelandfootwear.org\/Resources\/RestrictedSubstances.asp(last accessed 8 November 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","unstructured":"Commission Decision 2002\/371\/EC.Establishing the ecological criteria for the award of the Community eco\u2010label to textile products and amending Decision 1999\/178\/EC.Official Journal2002:L133:0029\u20130041."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","unstructured":"www.oeko\u2010tex.com(last accessed 8 November 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Formaldehyd und Formaldehydharze","volume":"20","author":"Peters K\u2010P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Allergologie"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2010.01698.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01698.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1697446251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01698.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01698.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01698.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]]}}}