{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1780482911434,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> To investigate the dermal uptake of 4,4\u2032\u2010diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4\u2032\u2010MDI), a study was performed in which 2 female volunteers were exposed to 10 and 25 mg, respectively, of 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI by applying 2.0% 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI in petrolatum over areas where the surface concentration corresponded to 800 \u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Ten days later, they developed eczematous dermatitis at the area of application.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold> To investigate whether the dermal application caused active sensitization to 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> Chemical analysis of the 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI preparation used in the application and the amount of 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI not absorbed by the skin was performed with liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. The volunteers were tested with serial dilutions of 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI and the potentially cross\u2010reacting substances 4,4\u2032\u2010diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4\u2032\u2010MDA), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (PPD), and dicyclohexylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate (DMDI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Patch test results suggested that the volunteers were actively sensitized to 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI following the dermal uptake study, as they reacted positively to 4,4\u2032\u2010MDA, a marker for 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI allergy. No positive reactions were seen to PPD or DMDI. Chemical investigation confirmed that the correct concentration had been used for the dermal uptake study, and showed that about 70% of the applied 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI was not absorbed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> A dermal uptake study with 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI in 2.0% pet. with an occlusion time of 8 hr induced active sensitization to 4,4\u2032\u2010MDI and subsequently to 4,4\u2032\u2010MDA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T11:14:37Z","timestamp":1321442077000},"page":"101-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dermal uptake study with 4,4\u2032\u2010diphenylmethane diisocyanate led to active sensitization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Haneen","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00e9ene","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Engfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Liljelind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Tinnerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Zimerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201002-025RM"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mep067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Terminology of contact dermatitis.","volume":"50","author":"Wilkinson D S","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","unstructured":"European Society of Contact Dermatitis.Patch testing of MDI (diphenylmethane\u20104 4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate) 2010. Available at:http:\/\/www.escd.org(last accessed 29 June 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00123.x"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2011.01995.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T03:53:48Z","timestamp":1698724428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01995.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]}}}