{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:30:37Z","timestamp":1779895837365,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,14]],"date-time":"2006-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Previously, hypermelanotic regions of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) were found to contain a mixture of highly melanized melanoma cells and melanophages. Both cell types produced \u03b21,6\u2010branched oligosaccharides. These sugars are used for motility by myeloid cells and cancer cells alike and are associated with poor survival in carcinomas of the breast, colon and lung. This study further investigated associations between melanophages and \u03b21,6\u2010branched oligosaccharides and their potential contributions to patient outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Individual archival melanomas and high\u2010throughput melanoma tissue microarrays were stained for melanophages with azure blue\/S100 and for \u03b21,6\u2010branched oligosaccharides with the lectin leukocytic phytohemagglutinin (LPHA, a selective marker for \u03b21,6\u2010branched oligosaccharides).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In primary CMM, melanophages were highly enriched in hypermelanotic, LPHA\u2010positive tumor regions and correlated with improved outcome at 10\u2010 and 20\u2010year follow ups. While the combination of melanophages, LPHA positivity and high pigmentation indicated better outcome, a subset of LPHA\u2010positive cells not associated with melanophages indicated worse outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This is the first report of an anti\u2010tumor role for the melanophage in melanoma biology. There appeared to be two classes of \u03b21,6\u2010branched oligosaccharide\u2010producing melanoma cells with opposing effects on outcome: one that attracted melanophages (better) and another that did not (worse). The findings disclose new aspects of the immune system and aberrant glycosylation in CMM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00681.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T00:58:41Z","timestamp":1166144321000},"page":"679-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Melanophages reside in hypermelanotic, aberrantly glycosylated tumor areas and predict improved outcome in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Handerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini","family":"Harigopol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Nishigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pawelek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200512000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","article-title":"\u03b21,6\u2010Branched oligosaccharides and coarse vesicles: a common and pervasive phenotype in melanoma and other human cancers","volume":"63","author":"Handerson T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","article-title":"Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis","volume":"24","author":"Condeelis J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","article-title":"Tumor\u2010infiltrating macrophages (CD68(+) cells) and prognosis in malignant uveal melanoma","volume":"42","author":"Makitie T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","article-title":"Partial regression in primary carcinoma of the lung: does it occur?","volume":"33","author":"Kerr KM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","article-title":"Reduced infiltration of tumour\u2010associated macrophages in human prostate cancer: association with cancer progression","volume":"60","author":"Shimura S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990219)84:1<74::AID-IJC14>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1991.tb01381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","article-title":"A comparison of melanin bleaching and azure blue counterstaining in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of malignant melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Kligora CJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200507000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690080079011","article-title":"The significance of eccentric foci of hyperpigmentation (\u2018small dark dots\u2019) within melanocytic nevi. 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