{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:02:34Z","timestamp":1770822154040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Co\u2010lesional acquired immunodeficiency syndrome\u2010associated cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS\u2010KS) and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated granulomatous inflammation are undocumented.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> Retrospective appraisal of skin biopsies with co\u2010lesional AIDS\u2010KS and microscopic tuberculosis (TB).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Sixteen biopsies from nine males and seven females form the study cohort. Histological assessment confirmed nodular and plaque KS in 12 and 4 cases each, respectively. Necrotizing, non\u2010necrotizing and a combination of necrotizing and non\u2010necrotizing granulomatous inflammation were present in nine, two and five biopsies each, respectively. The identification of acid fast bacilli on Ziehl\u2010Neelsen staining and <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> on polymerase chain reaction confirmed co\u2010lesional TB in 15\/16 biopsies. Co\u2010lesional AIDS\u2010KS and lichen scrofulosorum, hitherto undocumented, were confirmed in one biopsy. The histopathological findings served as a marker of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, visceral TB, therapeutic noncompliance and multidrug resistant pulmonary TB in nine, eight, five and one patient, respectively. <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> was cultured from sputum or nodal tissue of all patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Granulomatous inflammation in KS requires optimal histopathological and molecular investigation to confirm an <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> origin. The cutaneous co\u2010lesional occurrence of AIDS\u2010KS and microscopic TB may serve as the sentinel clue to HIV infection, systemic TB, therapeutic noncompliance or multidrug resistant TB.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ramdial PK, Sing Y, Subrayan S, Calonje E, Aboobaker J, Sydney C, Sookdeo D, Ramburan A, Madiba TE. 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