{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:51:22Z","timestamp":1761292282019},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,28]],"date-time":"2005-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>:\u2002Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are common disorders associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Protein Z is a cofactor for the inactivation of activated factor X (Xa) by the protein Z dependent protease inhibitor. Protein Z deficiency was recently linked to increased risk of arterial thrombosis. We investigated whether CRVO and CRAO are associated with low protein Z levels. <jats:italic>Patients and methods<\/jats:italic>:\u2002Patients with CRVO, CRAO or recurrent branch retinal vein occlusion were recruited to the study. Protein Z level, lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and activated protein C resistance (APCR) were determined in plasma from patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200336) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200342). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>:\u2002Thirty patients in the study group had traditional risk factors for retinal vessel occlusion and six patients had none. There was no significant difference in protein Z levels between the whole study group patients and controls (1995\u2003\u00b1\u2003810 vs. 2010\u2003\u00b1\u2003603\u2003ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.922). However, patients with no risk factors for retinal vessel occlusion had significantly lower protein Z levels than controls (1379\u2003\u00b1\u2003682 vs. 2010\u2003\u00b1\u2003603\u2003ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.022). Positive LAC was found in six patients and one control subject (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.04). There were three patients and one control subject with abnormal APCR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.3) and none with positive ACA. Low protein Z level (lower than fifth percentile of control) was not associated with the presence of LAC or APCR. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>:\u2002Low protein Z level may be another risk factor for retinal vessel occlusion in patients without traditional risk factors for these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00529.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,28]],"date-time":"2005-09-28T12:56:53Z","timestamp":1127912213000},"page":"401-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Protein Z levels and central retinal vein or artery 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