{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:46:46Z","timestamp":1792100806207,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The use of immunosuppressive medication is a dominant risk factor for infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the traditional disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs. Adalimumab [a human anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (anti\u2010TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) monoclonal antibody] represent an important advance in the treatment of RA and has been recently come in use. TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> plays a role in the host defense against <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and notably in granuloma formation. Infections occur at a high rate among those who use one or the combination of the two medications.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We examined a female patient that was referred to our department for evaluation and treatment of a granular lesion on the soft palate and uvula, complaining of mild dysphagia. The patient was treated for 4\u2003months with MTX and adalimumab for RA before the oral lesion appeared.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The histopathological examination of a specimen of the oral lesion, taken by biopsy, showed a chronic inflammation characterized by tuberculous granulomas. Polymerase chain reaction test and culture of a new specimen was positive for <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The therapeutic use of MTX or\/and adalimumab for the treatment of RA or few others diseases, can cause oral tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00363.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T14:16:08Z","timestamp":1137766568000},"page":"123-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Oral tuberculosis associated with a treatment with anti\u2010rheumatic drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Kolokotronis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanda","family":"Avramidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zaraboukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Mandraveli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrios","family":"Antoniades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(02)00107-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043383232"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","first-page":"1676","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with blocking agents against Tumor Necrosis factor\u2010alpha. California, 2002\u20132003","volume":"14","author":"MMWR","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00196-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.3.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630410017275"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.3.581","article-title":"The use of TNF\u2010\u03b1 blocking agents in rheumatoid arthritis: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Toussiror E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0714.2006.00363.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00363.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:16:04Z","timestamp":1696965364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00363.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00363.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00363.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0904-2512","1600-0714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0904-2512","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]}}}