{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:17:55Z","timestamp":1780647475391,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer in Myanmar is one of the 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In 1974, the Yangon Cancer Registry was established. From 1974 to 2001 a total of 85\u2003298 cancer cases were registered. From 1963 to 1972 the average annual incidence rate of oral cancer was calculated to be 363 per 100\u2003000 population. The tongue was mostly affected (31.2%). In one study, the prevalence of oral leukoplakia was 1.7%, erythroplakia 0.1%, and submucous fibrosis 0.1%. No epidemiologic studies of the prevalence of betel quid chewing (BQC) in Myanmar have been performed. One study showed that among 773 individuals over the age of 6\u2003years, 46.4% were habitual smokers. A recent symposium on oral health stressed the necessity to introduce concepts of prevention, focusing on BQC habits and smoking as high\u2010risk factors for oral cancer and pre\u2010cancer in Myanmar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00390.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T15:23:09Z","timestamp":1141399389000},"page":"193-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Oral cancer and pre\u2010cancer in Myanmar: a short review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"P. A.","family":"Reichart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"The role of betel\u2010quid in oral carcinogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Warnakulasuriya S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dent J Malays"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(01)00003-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(00)00133-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","volume-title":"IARC monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol. 85. Betel quid and areca\u2010nut chewing and some areca\u2010nut\u2010derived nitrosamines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","volume-title":"Cancer in Thailand 1988\u20131991","author":"Vatanasapt V","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","volume-title":"Betel and miang\u2010Vanishing Thai habits","author":"Reichart PA","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.1997.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.1999.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00039-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents","author":"Parkin DM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","volume-title":"Hospital morbidity and mortally statistics report for 1984 to 1988","author":"Department of Planning and Statistics","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","volume-title":"Cancer patterns in Burma DMR Newsletter No. 4","author":"Department of Medical Research","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","unstructured":"AungS.Epidemiology of cancer in Myanmar. Proceedings of Forum on Cancer in Myanmar Academy of Medical Science Yangon Myanmar 2002;33\u201360."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","volume-title":"International classification of diseases for oncology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","first-page":"350","article-title":"Common oral malignancies","volume":"30","author":"Way TH","year":"1984","journal-title":"Burma Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of 70 oral cancer cases at the Institute of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar (1985\u20131988)","volume":"15","author":"Sein K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Odontostomatol Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","unstructured":"Myanmar Academy of Medical Science. Proceedings of Forum on Cancer in Myanmar Myanmar Academy of Medical Science Yangon Myanmar September2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1982.tb01341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","unstructured":"MyintB.Effects of oral habits on oral soft and hard tissues and general health. Proceedings of a Symposium on Oral Habits in Myanmar Detrimental to General and Oral Health Myanmar Medical Association and Myanmar Dental Association Myanmar Academy of Medical Science Yangon Myanmar 2002;10\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Clinico\u2010pathological study of premalignant lesions and conditions","volume":"6","author":"Htwe MT","year":"2005","journal-title":"Myanmar Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","unstructured":"LonSS.Psychological aspects of abnormal behaviour oral habits in Myanmar. Proceedings of a Symposium on Oral Habits in Myanmar Detrimental to General and Oral Health Myanmar Academy of Medical Science Myanmar Medical Association and Myanmar Dental Association Yangon Myanmar 2002;3\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Lay\u2010daunggan community health survey: Part II. Pattern of medical history, complaints, diagnosed morbidity, hypertension, and smoking and betel chewing","author":"Pe T","year":"1971","journal-title":"Burma Res Congr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Smoking habits of school\u2010children in Rangoon","volume":"2","author":"Pe T","year":"1969","journal-title":"Union Burma J Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Smoking habits and use of hard drugs among villagers of 31 villages","author":"Tint K","year":"1974","journal-title":"Burma Res Congr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","unstructured":"Myanmar Academy of Medical ScienceProceedings of the Symposium on Oral Habits in Myanmar Detrimental to General and Oral Health Myanmar Medical Association and Myanmar Dental Association Yangon Myanmar 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","unstructured":"KoM.Towards national cancer control programme. Proceedings of Forum on Cancer in Myanmar Academy of Medical Science Yangon Myanmar 2002;157\u201369."}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0714.2006.00390.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00390.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T20:09:53Z","timestamp":1696968593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00390.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00390.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00390.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0904-2512","1600-0714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0904-2512","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]]}}}