{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:21:56Z","timestamp":1793294516553,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients treated with bisphosphonates because of bone metastases have been shown to develop osteonecrosis of the jaws. In the present study, we examined the histologic findings of these cases. As similarities between this disorder and infected osteoradionecrosis (IORN) are described, both lesions were compared.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We investigated eight patients with bisphosphonate treatment and osteonecrosis (four female, four male; median age: 65.6\u2003years; cancer: multiple myeloma in five patients, breast cancer in three patients; mandibular involvement in five patients, maxillar involvement in three cases), and 10 patients suffering from IORN (all male; median age: 61.3\u2003years; cancer: squamous cell carcinoma in nine patients, adenoid cystic carcinoma in one patient; mandibular involvement in all cases). Multicentric and bilateral involvement was common in the bisphosphonate group. Histologically, the bone revealed diffuse and patchy areas of necrosis in the bisphosphonate group, while in IORN osteonecrosis was larger and not diffusely distributed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In all cases, we found <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> attached to the necrotic bone tissue. In five of eight bisphosphonates cases, and in six of 10 IORN cases, numerous osteoclasts could be detected close to vital bone exhibiting signs of bone resorption. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH) was revealed in five of eight bisphosphonate patients, and in seven of 10 IORN patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We conclude that <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> is involved in the chronic, non\u2010healing inflammatory processes as a characteristic feature of both diseases. Together with the associated presence of increased osteoclast numbers, we suggest that both factors may be involved in osteolytic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00391.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T17:11:25Z","timestamp":1138900285000},"page":"155-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":295,"title":["Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients treated with bisphosphonates \u2013 histomorphologic analysis in comparison with infected osteoradionecrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Torsten","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"James Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118722"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.6.1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00720-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.99.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and avascular necrosis of the jaws","volume":"48","author":"Carter GD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.59.2.193","article-title":"Nitrogen\u2010bisphosphonates block retinoblastoma phosphorylation and cell growth by inhibiting the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in a keratinocyte model for esophageal irritation","volume":"59","author":"Reszka AA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the maxilla in a patient with a history of bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"71","author":"Melo MD","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810415)47:8<1980::AID-CNCR2820470813>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(95)01583-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","volume-title":"Romeis\u2019 Mikroskopische Technik","author":"B\u00f6ck P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"397","article-title":"The osteoradionecrosis: Part I. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, and risk factors","volume":"30","author":"Thiel HJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiobiol Radiother"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2001.tb00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"6538","article-title":"Bisphosphonates inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and testosterone\u2010stimulated vascular re\u2010growth in the ventral prostate in castrated rats","volume":"62","author":"Fournier P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Pamidronate induces modifications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients","volume":"8","author":"Santini D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"2280","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Russo TA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.7.2371-2380.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00269.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0714.2006.00391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T15:58:31Z","timestamp":1697299111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00391.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00391.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00391.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0904-2512","1600-0714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0904-2512","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]}}}