{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:54:37Z","timestamp":1761058477006},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) may be an indicator of the progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2010induced immuno\u2010depression, and the evaluation of risk factors leading to OHL is important in the management of these HIV\u2010infected patients. However, there are few studies that analyze risk factors leading to OHL in the Brazilian population. The aim of this case\u2013control study is to present data about prevalence rates and risk factors leading to OHL in a sample of HIV\u2010infected adults in Brazil.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This case\u2013control study included 111 HIV\u2010infected patients treated at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. In the initial examinations with dentists, variables were collected from all patients. Diagnosis of OHL was performed in accordance with the International Classification System and cytological features. The Fisher and the chi\u2010squared tests were used for statistical analysis. The proportional prevalence and odds ratio were estimated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Outcome presented a positive, statistically significant association among the presence of OHL and viral load of 3000\u2003copies\/<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l or greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.0001; odds ratio (OR)\u2003=\u20035.8), presence of oral candidiasis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.0000; OR\u2003=\u200311.1), previous use of fluconazole (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.0000; OR\u2003=\u200324.6), and use of systemic acyclovir (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.032; OR\u2003=\u20034.3). Antiretroviral medication presented a negative, statistically significant association with the presence of OHL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.002; OR\u2003=\u20038.4).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Prevalence of OHL was 28.8%. Viral load, oral candidiasis, previous use of fluconazole, and systemic acyclovir were determined to be risk factors for OHL. Antiretroviral medication proved to be protective against the development of OHL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00428.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,7]],"date-time":"2006-06-07T09:54:23Z","timestamp":1149674063000},"page":"321-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk factors for oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV\u2010infected adults of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mariela Dutra Gontijo","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya de Mattos Camargo","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linaena M\u00e9ricy da Silva","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas 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