{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:24:06Z","timestamp":1787315046397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,18]],"date-time":"2007-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1176854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Epidemiological data have shown an association of areca nut chewing with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Experimental evidence to confirm this has been limited. Fibrosis\u2010promoting activity of areca nut was tested in an animal model.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Buccal mucosa of a group of 20 female BALB\/c strain mice, 10\u201312\u2003weeks of age, was treated twice daily 6\u2003days per week with topical application of aqueous areca nut extracts for 300\u2013600\u2003days. A control group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u200320) was treated with 50\u2003mM NaCl. The influence of areca nut on the oral epithelium and connective tissue was recorded semiquantitatively by light microscopy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The areca nut\u2010treated oral epithelium showed progressive changes in epithelial thickness leading to atrophy, increased cellularity of fibroblasts, fibrosis of connective tissue, focal infiltration of inflammatory cells and muscle atrophy. On killing after 600\u2003days of treatment, the scores on cellularity, inflammation and muscle atrophy were significantly different to the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.03).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study provides further evidence that areca nut contributes to the development of OSF in treated animals. The model has the potential to test synergism of areca nut with other carcinogens and any therapeutic interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00523.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]],"date-time":"2010-08-18T09:10:29Z","timestamp":1282122629000},"page":"273-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Development of an\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    mouse model to study oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M. W.","family":"Sumeth Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gunasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A. 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