{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:39:31Z","timestamp":1791175171575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]],"date-time":"2004-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) from <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> consists of three proteins, CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC, which are responsible for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the present study, local delivery systems of recombinant CdtB and CdtB\u2010expressing plasmid were established using Ca9\u201022, human gingival squamous cell carcinoma cell line. When CdtB was delivered to Ca9\u201022 cells using a BioPORTER, a 32\u2010kDa protein was detected by Western blotting, and G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis occurred. In addition, the CdtB delivered upregulated the expression of phosphorylated p53 and the cyclin\u2010dependent kinase inhibitor p21<jats:sup>CIP1\/WAF1<\/jats:sup> in Ca9\u201022 cells, suggesting that these intracellular molecules might contribute to the induction of G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. When the CdtB\u2010expressing plasmid was transfected into Ca9\u201022 cells by lipofection or electroporation, CdtB (32\u2003kDa) was clearly detected. Further, TdT\u2010mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive cells were observed after transfection of the CdtB\u2010expressing plasmid. These findings indicated that delivery of the CdtB protein and transfection of the <jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic> gene induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Ca9\u201022 cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and we conclude that it may be possible to induce apoptosis in human gingival squamous cell carcinoma by electroporation of the <jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic> gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00157.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]],"date-time":"2004-09-29T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1096466393000},"page":"445-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Delivery of cytolethal distending toxin B induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma <i>in 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