{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:06:35Z","timestamp":1791047195417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]],"date-time":"2009-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Amphetamine induces xerogenic effects, but its mechanism of action and xerogenic potency are unknown. In the current\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    study on the rat parotid gland, the effects of amphetamine on reflex\u2010evoked and acetylcholine\u2010evoked salivation were examined in the absence and presence of adrenergic and dopaminergic antagonists. Under anaesthesia, amphetamine increased the secretion of salivary fluid and the amount of protein therein in response to acetylcholine. Phentolamine abolished the increase in salivary flow and had no effect on the salivary protein concentration, whereas propranolol only reduced the salivary protein concentration. Reflex activation of the secretion evoked a well\u2010maintained level of secretion that was reduced by amphetamine [50% inhibitory dose (ID\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) 1.9\u2003\u00b1\u20030.1\u2003mg\u2003kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    intravenously); the salivary protein concentration was increased in the presence of amphetamine. Phentolamine and haloperidol reduced the amphetamine\u2010inhibitory effect on the reflex\u2010evoked fluid response, whereas propranolol had no effect on the fluid response. The xerogenic effect of amphetamine is mainly exerted by central mechanisms involving \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptors, while, indirectly, amphetamine causes secretion of protein by inducing the release of noradrenaline from glandular nerve terminals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2009.00629.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]],"date-time":"2009-05-06T12:50:13Z","timestamp":1241614213000},"page":"218-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of amphetamine on salivary 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