{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:59:16Z","timestamp":1776110356511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of effective skin\u2010lightening agents is an increasingly important area of research aimed at the treatment of hyperpigmentation induced by UV irradiation or by medical conditions such as melasma, postinflammatory melanoderma and solar lentigo. Although some inhibit tyrosinase, identifying and understanding the mechanisms of action of other agents is an important goal if more effective pigmentation inhibitors are to be developed. We present here that an extract of <jats:italic>Lepidium apetalum<\/jats:italic> (ELA) decreased UV\u2010induced skin pigmentation in brown guinea pigs and melanogenesis of HM3KO human melanoma cells. Interestingly, ELA did not reduce melanogenesis in HM3KO cells unless they were co\u2010cultivated in keratinocyte\u2010conditioned medium prepared by culturing keratinocytes with ELA. Under these conditions, ELA decreased tyrosinase mRNA and protein expression as well as melanin content via an ELA\u2010mediated increase in keratinocyte IL\u20106 production which in turn was shown to decrease in the expression Mitf, a transcription factor implicated in tyrosinase gene expression and melanocyte differentiation. The results reveal that ELA may be an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation caused by UV irradiation or by pigmented skin disorders through a mechanism involving IL\u20106\u2010mediated downregulation of Mitf rather than a direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00266.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T09:36:01Z","timestamp":1126604161000},"page":"439-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Inhibition of skin pigmentation by an extract of <i>Lepidium apetalum<\/i> and its possible implication in IL\u20106 mediated signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soomi","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byeong G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ihseop","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae S.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"3141","article-title":"In vitro modulation of proliferation and melanization of S91 melanoma cells by prostaglandins","volume":"47","author":"Abdel\u2010Malek Z.A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10540"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.6.2159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Structure and Control of the Melanocyte","author":"Duchon J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10799900152547867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12709595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12325522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.1.205","article-title":"\u03b1\n            \u2010MSH and its analog Nle4Dphe7\n                  \u03b1\u2010MSH affect morphology, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes","volume":"107","author":"Hunt G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.46.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200004200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"The human melanocyte is an immunocompetent epidermal cell: production of immunomodulating cytokines","volume":"283","author":"K\u00f6ck A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Derm. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2002.1o049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3014651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199602000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000237257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.45.28052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1961.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1971082a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.38.072902.092717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.6.1943","article-title":"A new role for epidermal cell\u2010derived thymocyte activating factor\/IL\u20101 as an antagonist for distinct epidermal cell function","volume":"142","author":"Swope V.B.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12460991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120790"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01668.x"}],"container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2005.00266.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00266.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T22:20:56Z","timestamp":1696976456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00266.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00266.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00266.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-5785","1600-0749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-5785","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]]}}}