{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:02:43Z","timestamp":1790470963454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant transformation of melanocytes leads to melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)\u2010induced DNA photoproducts play an important role in melanomagenesis. Cutaneous melanin content represents a major photoprotective mechanism against UVR\u2010induced DNA damage, and generally correlates inversely with the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. Melanoma risk is also determined by susceptibility genes, one of which is the <jats:italic>melanocortin 1 receptor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>MC1R<\/jats:italic>) gene. Certain <jats:italic>MC1R<\/jats:italic> alleles are strongly associated with melanoma. We hereby present experimental evidence for the role of two melanoma risk factors, constitutive pigmentation, as assessed by total melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin contents, and <jats:italic>MC1R<\/jats:italic> genotype and function, in determining the induction and repair of DNA photoproducts in cultured human melanocytes after irradiation with increasing doses of UVR. We found that total melanin and eumelanin contents (MC and EC) correlated inversely with the extent of UVR\u2010induced growth arrest, apoptosis and induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), but not with hydrogen peroxide release in melanocytes expressing functional MC1R. In comparison, melanocytes with loss\u2010of\u2010function MC1R, regardless of their MC or EC, sustained more UVR\u2010induced apoptosis and CPD, and exhibited reduced CPD repair. Therefore, MC, mainly EC, and MC1R function are independent determinants of UVR\u2010induced DNA damage in melanocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00315.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T15:38:20Z","timestamp":1148485100000},"page":"303-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Melanin content and MC1R function independently affect UVR\u2010induced DNA damage in cultured human melanocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Kadekaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renny J.","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Wakamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Terzieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Schwemberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Babcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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