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Cytomegalovirus infects periodontal macrophages and T\u2010cells and elicits a release of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1. These proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the host defense against the virus, but they also have the potential to induce alveolar bone resorption and loss of periodontal ligament. Gingival fibroblasts infected with cytomegalovirus also exhibit diminished collagen production and release of an increased level of matrix metalloproteinases. This article reviews innate and adaptive immunity to cytomegalovirus and suggests that immune responses towards cytomegalovirus can play roles in controlling, as well as in exacerbating, destructive periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00448.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T04:07:31Z","timestamp":1386648451000},"page":"40-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Biology and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus in periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier 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