{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:04:42Z","timestamp":1791266682724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]],"date-time":"2003-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study examined the <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (RANK), osteoprotegerin, interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) in the osteoclasts of rat periodontal tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In periodontal disease, osteoclasts cause resorption of the alveolar bone. The function of osteoclasts is regulated by interaction with periodontal ligament cells (PDLs). Furthermore, various kinds of molecules such as RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin, IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 are known to be related to the osteoclasts differentiation and function. It is therefore important to observe the expression of RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin and cytokines in osteoclasts and PDLs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Four\u2010week\u2010old Wistar rats were used. Tooth movement was performed by the Waldo method, and the pathological bone resorption was induced. The demineralized maxillae and mandiblae were embedded with paraffin. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization was performed to detect RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u03b1 mRNAs in osteoclasts and other cells using the specific RNA probes, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Both RANKL and RANK were concomitantly expressed in some osteoclasts. RANKL was also positive in osteoblasts and PDLs. No IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010 and TNF\u03b1\u2010positive osteoclast was noted. The positive signals of osteoprotegerin were detected in almost all osteoblasts, PDLs and odontoblasts. No osteoprotegerin\u2010positive osteoclasts were observed. The number and the distribution pattern of RANKL\u2010 and RANK\u2010expressing osteoclasts changed when orthodontic excessive force was applied to periodontal tissue. In addition, IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 were shown to be expressed in osteoclasts under pathological status.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> These findings suggest that an autocrine mechanism of RANKL\u2013RANK exists in osteoclast, which is heightened in the pathological conditions. Furthermore, the autocrine mechanism of IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 is also provided in osteoclast under pathological condition. These autocrine mechanisms therefore seem to regulate the osteoclast function in both physiological and pathological conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00699.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]],"date-time":"2003-12-18T08:39:50Z","timestamp":1071736790000},"page":"42-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["<i>In situ<\/i> expression of RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin and cytokines in osteoclasts of rat periodontal 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