{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:22:29Z","timestamp":1778890949863,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Human \u03b2\u2010defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides which contribute to host innate immunity by disrupting the membrane integrity of a broad spectrum of microorganisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of hBD\u20101 and \u20102 peptides in gingiva and to assess the possible relations of these antimicrobial peptides with periodontal health and disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Seven periodontally healthy subjects and 22 patients with unresolved chronic periodontitis were recruited and the gingival biopsies collected consisted of healthy tissues from the healthy subjects (HT\u2010C); periodontal pocket tissues (PoT) and inflamed connective tissues (ICT) from the base of pocket, i.e. granulation tissues, as well as clinically healthy tissues (HT\u2010P) from the adjacent clinically healthy sites from the patients. The expression of hBD\u20101 and \u20102 peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed with a computerized image processing system.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Both hBD\u20101 and \u20102 peptides were detected in all periodontally healthy subjects, while hBD\u20101 was detected in all patients and hBD\u20102 was found in most of the patients. Their expression was mainly confined to the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelium, in which hBD\u20101 was detected in both intercellular spaces and cytoplasm, whereas hBD\u20102 was mainly observed in the cytoplasm. HT\u2010C expressed significantly higher levels of hBD\u20102 than HT\u2010P (<jats:italic>p\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.05). Within the patients, both defensins were up\u2010regulated significantly in PoT as compared with the adjacent HT\u2010P (<jats:italic>p\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The present study showed that hBD\u20101 and \u20102 were frequently expressed in the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelia and their expression may be associated with periodontal health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00727.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,20]],"date-time":"2004-06-20T15:22:33Z","timestamp":1087744953000},"page":"221-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Expression of human \u03b2\u2010defensins\u20101 and \u20102 peptides in unresolved chronic periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Darveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshman 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