{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:12:15Z","timestamp":1791346335291,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]],"date-time":"2004-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1092096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Correct diagnosis of the presence and extent of subgingival calculus is important for periodontal treatment planning and reassessment after periodontal therapy. Traditional tactile methods often lack sensitivity. The present investigation shall contribute to understanding the fundamental fluorescence properties that may be useful for optical detection of both supra\u2010 and subgingival calculus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate emission spectra from supra\u2010 and subgingival calculus under a wide range of excitation wavelengths.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods and Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Extracted human molars with either supragingival or subgingival calculus deposits on the root surface were selected (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20033 each). Emission spectra were recorded from the calculus of each tooth and corresponding areas of clean root surfaces using a fluorescence spectrophotometer at excitation wavelengths from 360\u2003nm up to 580\u2003nm in steps of 20\u2003nm. The spectra were corrected for the wavelength dependent instrument sensitivity and normalized to peak intensity (the highest peak was set at 1.0). Emission spectra of calculus exhibited distinct fluorescence bands between 570 and 730\u2003nm not present in clean root surfaces. This fluorescence emission was strongest for excitation wavelengths from 400 to 420\u2003nm. No differences were observed between supra\u2010 and subgingival calculus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Human dental calculus can clearly be differentiated from clean root surfaces by emission spectrophotometry. The characteristic fluorescence emission of supra\u2010 and subgingival calculus may be due to a variety of porphyrin derivatives and may provide the basis for future diagnostic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,20]],"date-time":"2004-08-20T16:04:55Z","timestamp":1093017895000},"page":"327-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Fluorescence spectroscopy of dental calculus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Buchalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1. M.","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Attin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s3.3.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1992.56.5.tb02641.x","article-title":"Interrater agreement on subgingival calculus detection following scaling","volume":"56","author":"Pippin DJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(99)00062-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.4.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000061641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.6.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-002-0241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.67.1739.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875649501200303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702953965173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345810600020401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"\u00dcber die nat\u00fcrliche Fluoreszenz menschlicher Z\u00e4hne [Natural fluorescence of human teeth; in German]","volume":"64","author":"Kosovel Z","year":"1976","journal-title":"Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"920","article-title":"Spektrophotometrische Untersuchungen der Fluoreszenz von Zahnhartsubstanzen [Spectrophotometric studies on the fluorescence of dental hard tissues; in German]","volume":"29","author":"Scharf F","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahnarztl Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02546408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Laser\u2010induced fluorescence from sound and carious tooth substance: spectroscopic studies","volume":"9","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m F","year":"1985","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Laser\u2010induced autofluorescence spectroscopy of dental caries","volume":"44","author":"K\u00f6nig K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.22.7330-7339.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","volume-title":"Early Detection of Dental Caries: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Indiana Conference.","author":"Buchalla W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","volume-title":"Early Detection of Dental Caries: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Indiana Conference.","author":"Hall AF"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0765.2004.00747.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T17:14:39Z","timestamp":1697044479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]]}}}