{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:16:41Z","timestamp":1790381801241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from the conversion of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine to <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010citrulline by NO synthase (NOS). Arginase, which is an arginine\u2010depleting enzyme, can compete with NOS for the common substrate <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine and thus inhibit NO production.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the present study, we aimed to examine the correlation between the arginase and NOS activity in patients with chronic periodontitis and to compare the effects of scaling and root planing and modified Widman flap procedures on enzyme activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The study included 13 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Using a split\u2010mouth design, the defects showing \u2265\u200a7\u2003mm of attachment loss were treated either with scaling and root planing or with modified Widman flap. Gingival biopsies from both sites were obtained at baseline and 2\u2003months after periodontal treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for evaluating NOS expression and specific arginase activity was determined spectrophotometrically.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although inflamed periodontal tissues demonstrated a strong inducible NOS (iNOS) expression at baseline, immunostaining decreased after periodontal treatment. iNOS expression intensity and the number of inflammatory cells showing iNOS expression were found to be higher in the scaling and root planing group compared to the modified Widman flap group. The specific activity of arginase was measured as 0.18\u2003\u00b1\u20030.07\u2003IU\/mg protein in the modified Widman flap group and 0.25\u2003\u00b1\u20030.11\u2003IU\/mg protein in the scaling and root planing group at baseline. After periodontal therapy, the enzyme level was increased to 0.68\u2003\u00b1\u20030.14\u2003IU\/mg protein in the modified Widman flap and to 1.10\u2003\u00b1\u20030.23\u2003IU\/mg protein in the scaling and root planing group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study was the first report of evaluating the involvement of the arginine\u2013NO pathway in chronic periodontitis and this might be considered to be of value in understanding the periodontal disease mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00784.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T16:22:37Z","timestamp":1109175757000},"page":"168-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effectiveness of scaling and root planing versus modified Widman flap on nitric oxide synthase and arginase activity in patients with chronic periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cigdem","family":"G\u00fcll\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurdan","family":"Ozmeric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benay","family":"Tokman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serenay","family":"Elg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00f6ksal","family":"Balos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1993.tb00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00282-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007840050108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60589-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.23.6.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2000.035006369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2000.035004194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems 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