{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:32:29Z","timestamp":1760887949744},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]],"date-time":"2006-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The study aimed to determine whether matrix metalloproteinase\u20109 (MMP\u20109) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase\u20101 (TIMP\u20101) in gingival crevice fluid could serve as prognostic factors for the progression of periodontitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) \u2010positive patients. Activated inflammatory cells produce inflammatory mediators, which stimulate the production of MMPs and their inhibitors. It is likely that the compromised immune system contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis in HIV\u2010positive patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Clinical measurements including gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, attachment loss, and gingival crevice fluid samples were taken from two healthy sites (including sites with gingival recession, gingival index\u2003=\u20030; probing depth\u2003\u2264\u20033\u2003mm; attachment loss\u2003\u2264\u20032\u2003mm), three gingivitis sites (gingival index\u2003&gt;\u20030; probing depth\u2003\u2264\u20033\u2003mm; attachment loss\u2003=\u20030) and three periodontitis sites (gingival index\u2003&gt;\u20030; probing depth\u2003\u2265\u20035\u2003mm; attachment loss\u2003\u2265\u20033\u2003mm) of each of the 35 patients at baseline visits and 6\u2010month visits by means of paper strips. Gingival crevice fluid levels of MMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101 were determined by sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The mean amounts of MMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101 in the gingivitis and periodontitis sites sites were significantly higher than in the healthy sites (<jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.0001). The progressing site was defined as a site that had 2\u2003mm or more attachment loss during the 6\u2010month study period. Gingival crevice fluid levels of MMP\u20109 were significantly correlated with probing depth, attachment loss, TIMP\u20101, age, smoking pack years, and viral load values at baseline and 6\u2010month visits (0.0001\u2003&lt;\u2003<jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.001). TIMP\u20101 levels were only correlated with CD4, viral load, attachment loss, and MMP\u20109 (0.001\u2003&lt;\u2003<jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.01). Repeated measures analysis of 11 active sites vs. 269 inactive sites indicated that MMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101 levels were significantly higher in active sites than in inactive sites (<jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20030.0001). These data indicate that sites with high ginigval crevice fluid levels of MMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101 in HIV\u2010positive patients are at significantly greater risk for progression of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2006.00887.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]],"date-time":"2006-09-22T13:12:50Z","timestamp":1158930770000},"page":"491-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The associations between gingival crevice fluid matrix metalloproteinase\u20109, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase\u20101 and periodontitis in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010positive 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