{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1786971759690,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]],"date-time":"2009-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> There have been few studies of gender differences in response to periodontitis. Thus, we compared gender\u2010specific differences in systemic cytokine concentrations in rats with and without ligature\u2010induced periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Experimental periodontal disease was initiated in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats by placing a ligature around the crowns of the second right maxillary molar tooth. Sham\u2010operated control groups were also created. Two weeks later, the right and left maxillary quadrants of teeth, liver and serum were collected from all the rats, and uterine horns were collected from the female rats. Liver and uterine samples were ground in phosphate\u2010buffered saline (10\u2003mg of tissue\/mL of phosphate\u2010buffered saline + protease inhibitor) containing a protease inhibitor, and cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Digital radiographs were made of maxillary quadrants, and the distance from cemento\u2013enamel junction to alveolar crest was measured using image analysis software. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance and a post\u2010hoc Tukey test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Female rats with ligatures had greater, but not significantly different, alveolar bone loss than males with ligatures. However, they had higher serum concentrations of interleukin\u20106, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and C\u2010reactive protein, and liver C\u2010reactive protein (<jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030.05). These females also had higher interleukin\u20106, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations within the uterine horn, compared to female controls (<jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030.05). Male animals with ligatures had lower serum concentrations of C\u2010reactive protein and higher interleukin\u20106 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 concentrations within serum, compared to male controls (<jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our study suggests that females with periodontal disease have a greater risk for inflammatory\u2010based systemic diseases than males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01110.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T06:15:45Z","timestamp":1231395345000},"page":"133-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comparative gender differences in local and systemic concentrations of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines in rats with experimental periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J. 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