{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:11:13Z","timestamp":1781932273170,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1223337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The cellular response of human gingival fibroblasts to a mechanical force is considered to be primarily anti\u2010osteoclastic because they produce relatively high levels of osteoprotegerin. However, there is little information available on the effects of compression force on the production of osteoprotegerin and osteoclastic differentiation by these cells. In this study, we examined how mechanical force affects the nature of human gingival fibroblasts to produce osteoprotegerin and inhibit osteoclastogenesis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to mechanical force by centrifugation for 90\u2003min at a magnitude of approximately 50\u2003g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The levels of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB ligand (RANKL), interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 were measured at various time\u2010points after applying the force. The effect of the centrifugal force on the formation of osteoclast\u2010like cells was also determined using a co\u2010culture system of human gingival fibroblasts and bone marrow cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Centrifugal force stimulated the expression of osteoprotegerin, RANKL, interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 by the cells, and produced a relatively high osteoprotegerin to RANKL ratio at the protein level. Both interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 accelerated the force\u2010induced production of osteoprotegerin, which was inhibited significantly by the addition of anti\u2010(interleukin\u20101\u03b2) immunoglobulin Ig isotype; IgG (rabbit polyclonal). However, the addition of anti\u2010(tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) immunoglobulin Ig isotype; IgG1 (mouse monoclonal) had no effect. Centrifugal force also had an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Application of centrifugal force to human gingival fibroblasts accelerates osteoprotegerin production by these cells, which stimulates the potential of human gingival fibroblasts to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Overall, human gingival fibroblasts might have natural defensive mechanisms to inhibit bone resorption induced by a mechanical stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01121.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T07:03:17Z","timestamp":1223362997000},"page":"402-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mechanical force augments the anti\u2010osteoclastogenic potential of human gingival fibroblasts <i>in 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