{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:28:01Z","timestamp":1788870481772,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1223337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Mucosal inflammatory responses are orchestrated largely by pro\u2010inflammatory chemokines. The chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (CXCL6) is involved in neutrophil recruitment and migration. Previous studies have shown that granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 is up\u2010regulated during mucosal inflammation (e.g. in inflammatory bowel disease), similarly to the functionally and structurally related chemokine interleukin\u20108. Nevertheless, unlike interleukin\u20108, a role of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 in gingival inflammation has not been yet demonstrated. In this study we aimed to evaluate the expression of the chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 in clinically healthy vs. diseased gingival tissues and to explore possible correlations with clinical and microbiological markers of periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Gene expression in 184 \u2018diseased\u2019 and 63 \u2018healthy\u2019 gingival tissue specimens from 90 patients with periodontitis was analyzed using Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 arrays. The expression of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 was further confirmed by real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, while the localization of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 in gingival tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Plaque samples from the adjacent periodontal pockets were collected and evaluated for 11 species of periodontal bacteria using checkerboard DNA\u2013DNA hybridizations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Among all known chemokines, GCP\u20102 expression was the most up\u2010regulated (3.8\u2010fold, <jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20031.1\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>), in \u2018diseased\u2019 vs. \u2018healthy\u2019 tissue as compared to a 2.6\u2010fold increased expression of interleukin\u20108 mRNA (<jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20031.2\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>). Increased expression of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 correlated with higher levels of \u2018red\u2019 and \u2018orange\u2019 complex pathogens and with increased probing depth, but not with attachment loss. Immunohistochemistry showed that granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 was expressed in gingival vascular endothelium.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The level of expression of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 correlates with the severity of periodontitis and appears to act as a hitherto unrecognized functional adjunct to interleukin\u20108 in diseased gingival tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01134.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T07:02:25Z","timestamp":1223362945000},"page":"465-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (gcp\u20102\/cxcl6) complements interleukin\u20108 in periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Kebschull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Demmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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