{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1793933416031,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,18]],"date-time":"2009-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Chronic periodontitis, the chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is caused by bacteria and is characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the gingival crevice. Recently, a \u2018new\u2019 extracellular neutrophil defense mechanism \u2013 neutrophil extracellular traps \u2013 has been described. However, their role in periodontitis has not yet been investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Clinical examinations, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as cytology and confocal laser\u2010scanning microscopy, were employed to analyze gingiva biopsies and crevicular exudate from patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> An abundance of neutrophil extracellular traps and some phagocytic neutrophils was found on the gingival pocket surface and in the purulent crevicular exudate. Finding neutrophil extracellular traps in the spontaneously effused purulent crevicular exudate clearly indicated that they are flushed from the pocket by the crevicular exudate. In cases of dispersal of subgingival plaque bacteria, their trapping by neutrophil extracellular traps in purulent crevicular exudate and on the gingival surface was demonstrated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Trapping the crevicular bacteria prevents their adhesion to and invasion of the gingiva. The combination of neutrophil extracellular traps and crevicular exudate outflow appears to be a \u2018novel\u2019 defense mechanism for the clearance of crevicular bacteria in chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01175.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,18]],"date-time":"2009-05-18T16:04:49Z","timestamp":1242662689000},"page":"664-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Extracellular neutrophil traps in periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Vitkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Klappacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hannig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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