{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:28:50Z","timestamp":1780486130389,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development and further progression of periodontal diseases. However, little is known about how nicotine influences the expression of osteolytic mediators in cigarette smoking\u2010associated periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin\u20101, interleukin\u20108, receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB ligand (RANKL), gelatinases and tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator in U2OS cells (from the human osteosarcoma cell line) stimulated with nicotine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Differences in the expression of interleukin\u20101, interleukin\u20108 and RANKL mRNAs, in response to exposure to various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1\u2003m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) were evaluated in U2OS cells using the reverse transcripttion\u2013polymerase chain reaction.In addition, the levels of interleukin\u20101, interleukin\u20108 and RANKL proteins were determined using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. The gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activities in nicotine treated\u2010U2OS cells were demonstrated using gelatin and casein zymography, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Nicotine was found to increase the expression of interleukin\u20101, interleukin\u20108 and RANKL mRNA and protein in U2OS cells (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). The gelatin zymograms revealed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)\u20102 and MMP\u20109 were secreted by U2OS cells. The secretion of MMP\u20102 and MMP\u20109 occurred in a dose\u2010dependent manner that was dependent on the concentration of nicotine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Casein zymography exhibited a caseinolytic band with a molecular weight of 70\u2003kDa, indicative of the presence of tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator. Tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator was also found to be up\u2010regulated by nicotine in a dose\u2010dependent manner (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that smoking modulation of bone destruction in periodontal disease may involve various osteolytic mediators, such as interleukin\u20101, interleukin\u20108, RANKL, MMP\u20102, MMP\u20109, and tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01188.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T02:15:15Z","timestamp":1247192115000},"page":"760-766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Up\u2010regulation of osteolytic mediators in human osteosarcoma cells stimulated with 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