{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:12:12Z","timestamp":1768903932204,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical stress is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis of the periodontium.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nterleukin\u20101beta (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2) and adenosine triphosphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>) are considered potent inflammatory mediators. In macrophages,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010activated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>7 receptor is involved in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 processing and release. Our previous works demonstrated mechanical stress\u2010induced expression of osteopontin and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>through the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>1 receptor in human periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cells. This study was designed to examine the effect of mechanical stress on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 expression in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells, as well as the mechanism and involvement of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>and the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2 purinergic receptor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cultured<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells were treated with continuous compressive loading.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 expression was analyzed at both<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>and protein levels, using RT\u2010PCR and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Cell viability was examined using the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>assay.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>was also used to stimulate<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells. Inhibitors, antagonists and the small interfering<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>(si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>) technique were used to investigate the role of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>and the specific<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2 subtypes responsible for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 induction along with the intracellular mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical stress could up\u2010regulate<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 expression through the release of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>alone was also capable of increasing<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 expression. The induction of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 was markedly inhibited by inhibitors and by si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>targeting the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>7 receptor.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 expression was also diminished by intracellular calcium inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our work clearly indicates the capability of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells to respond directly to mechanical stimulation. The results signified the important roles of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>2 purinergic receptors, as well as intracellular calcium signaling, in mechanical stress\u2010induced inflammation via up\u2010regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDL<\/jats:styled-content>cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01517.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T08:55:10Z","timestamp":1344416110000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Mechanical stress\u2010induced interleukin\u20101beta expression through adenosine triphosphate\/<scp>P<\/scp>2<scp>X<\/scp>7 receptor activation in human periodontal ligament 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