{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1791157130646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,20]],"date-time":"2004-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/purpose: <\/jats:bold> Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases skin pigmentation and usually results in an even darkening of the skin. However, it may also occasionally lead to the development of hyperpigmented lesions due to a local overproduction of pigment. Skin pigmentation is induced both by UVB and UVA rays.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> protection by sunscreens against pigmentation was studied using the determination of a level of protection against pigmentation based on the standardized sun protection factor (SPF) test method. The method includes delayed UVB and UVA pigmentations. The level of prevention against pigmentation was determined 7 days after exposure to solar\u2010simulated radiation by visual assessment. It was calculated using the ratio of the minimal pigmenting dose on protected skin to the minimal pigmenting dose on unprotected skin. Broadspectrum UVB\/UVA filters, Mexoryl\u00aeSX and Mexoryl\u00aeXL, and complete formula were tested.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Protection against pigmentation correlates with the concentration of Mexoryl\u00aeSX. The levels of protection obtained show a synergetic effect of Mexoryl\u00aeSX when associated with Mexoryl\u00aeXL. When different products having the same SPF (same protection against erythema) and different levels of UVA protection are compared, only sunscreen products with a high level of UVA protection show a similar level of protection against sunburn and pigmentation. Products with low UVA protection have a lower capacity of preventing induced pigmentation compared with their efficacy against erythema.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> These studies have evidenced that SPF determination was not sufficient to account for the efficiency in preventing pigmentation and that UVA protection was an essential part of this prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,20]],"date-time":"2004-09-20T15:26:50Z","timestamp":1095694010000},"page":"243-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Prevention of ultraviolet\u2010induced skin pigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dominique","family":"Moyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","unstructured":"Deutsche Norm: Strahlungsphysik im optischen Bereich und Lichttechnik \u2013 Teil 10: Photobiologisch wirksame Strahlung Gr\u00f6sen Kurzziechen und Wirkungsspektrum. DIN 5031\u201010 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"156","volume-title":"The biological effects of UVA radiation","author":"Pathak M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Mechanisms of suntanning","author":"Chardon A","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12531710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"A quantitative study of the melanogenesis effect of multiple suberythemal doses of different ultraviolet radiation sources","volume":"10","author":"Bech\u2010Thomsen N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Effects of repeated suberythemal doses of UVA in human skin","volume":"7","author":"Seit\u00e9 S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Current problems in dermatology","author":"Fitzpatrick TB.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Constitutive skin tone and sunscreen effects UV\u2010induced skin darkening in negroid skin","volume":"109","author":"Jonker DL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cosmetic and toiletries"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Measurement of sunscreen UVA protection","volume":"26","author":"Cole C","year":"1992","journal-title":"an unsensitized human model"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"559","volume-title":"Sunscreens: development, evaluation and regulatory aspects","author":"Chardon A","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Sunscreen drug products for over\u2010the\u2010counter human use amendment to the Tentative Final Monograph enforcement policy. Fed Register. 63 56584\u201356589 22\/10\/1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","unstructured":"Colipa.Colipa Sun Protection factor test method ref. 94\/289\u2010October 1994.The European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association Bruxelles."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin","volume":"6","author":"McKinlay AF","year":"1987","journal-title":"CIE J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1996.tb00197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12470474"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","unstructured":"Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage.Colorimetry (2nd edn.). Publication CIE No 15\u20132 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","unstructured":"Japan Cosmetic Industry Association.JCIA Measurement standard for UVA protection efficacy Japan cosmetic Industry Association Tokyo 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.160603.x"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0781.2004.00111.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:55:56Z","timestamp":1697061356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-4383","1600-0781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-4383","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,20]]}}}