{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:39:54Z","timestamp":1790919594813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Diallyl sulfide (DAS) has been shown to have a preventive effect against various cancers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims and objectives: <\/jats:bold> We evaluated the protective effects of DAS in regression of ultraviolet B (UVB)\u2010induced skin tumor formation in SKH\u20101 hairless mice and its underlying early molecular biomarkers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> We examined the efficacy of DAS in UVB light\u2010induced skin lesion in SKH\u20101 hairless mice and the associated molecular events.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Mice irradiated with UVB at 180\u2003mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> twice per week elicited 100% tumor incidence at 20 weeks. The topical application of DAS before UVB irradiation caused a delay in tumor appearance, multiplicity, and size. The topical application of DAS before and immediately after a single UVB irradiation (180\u2003mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) resulted in a significant decrease in UVB\u2010induced thymine dimer\u2010positive cells, expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and apoptotic sunburn cells, together with an increase in p53 and p21\/Cip1\u2010positive cell population in the epidermis. Simultaneously, DAS also significantly inhibited nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB), cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) levels.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> The protective effect of DAS against photocarcinogenesis is accompanied by the down\u2010regulation of cell\u2010proliferative controls, involving thymine dimer, PCNA, apoptosis, transcription factors NF\u2010\u03baB, and of inflammatory responses involving COX\u20102, PGE2, and NO, and up\u2010regulation of p53, p21\/Cip1 to prevent DNA damage and facilitate DNA repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00582.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T05:06:22Z","timestamp":1304399182000},"page":"138-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diallyl sulfide protects against ultraviolet B\u2010induced skin cancers in SKH\u20101 hairless mouse: analysis of early molecular events in carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jaw\u2010Ming","family":"Cherng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuen\u2010Daw","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daw\u2010Shyong","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeng\u2010Shing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Chung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00198-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"22432","article-title":"UVB light stimulates production of reactive oxygen species","volume":"278","author":"Heck DE","year":"2003","journal-title":"unexpected role for catalase"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Comprehensive toxicology","author":"Ananthaswamy HN.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Garlic revisited","volume":"80","author":"Abdullah TH","year":"1988","journal-title":"therapeutic for the major diseases of our times?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1592593658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.1041S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818f2103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.8.1555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.8.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FP0070789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1960.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1963.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"Comparison of the carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic effects of ultraviolet light on hairless mice","volume":"34","author":"Epstein JH.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1963.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(94)06986-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02889276","article-title":"Immunofluorescent studies of epidermal protein during UV induced carcinogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Hersh L","year":"1977","journal-title":"Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.06.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"4591","article-title":"Time course for early adaptive responses to ultraviolet B light in the epidermis of SKH\u20101 mice","volume":"59","author":"Lu YP","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"402","article-title":"Ultraviolet light induces expression of p53 and p21 in human skin","volume":"105","author":"Ponten F","year":"1995","journal-title":"effect of sunscreen and constitutive p21 expression in skin appendages"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106990200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti\u2010inflammatory phytochemicals","volume":"480","author":"Surh YJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NF-kappa B activation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.42.24995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm.1997.378.9.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12365904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700236"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0781.2011.00582.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00582.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1698757449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00582.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00582.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00582.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-4383","1600-0781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-4383","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]}}}