{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T19:19:18Z","timestamp":1722885558687},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Noradrenaline (NA) levels in pineal gland of chickens at various posthatching stages (P2, P4, P8, P15, P30 and P57) were determined by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Pineal NA content markedly increased between P2 and P30. P30 and P57 chickens, kept from the day of hatching under a 12:12\u2003hr light\u2010dark (LD) illumination cycle, exhibited rhythmic changes in pineal NA, with levels in the dark period being markedly higher than in the light period. In younger birds pineal NA concentrations did not show pronounced daily variations. In 4\u2010wk\u2010old chickens (P28\u201330) kept under constant darkness (DD), the rhythmic pattern of pineal NA persisted for 1\u2003day (with higher values during the subjective dark phase than during the subjective light phase), but this disappeared 24\u2003hr after the introduction of DD. In contrast, NA content in pineal glands isolated from birds maintained for 2\u2003days under continuous light was similar to that found during the light phase of the LD cycle, and did not exhibit significant rhythmicity. In P30 chickens, pretreated with <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010tyrosine (AMPT, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, the key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines), pineal NA content declined slowly and monophasically during the light phase. During the dark phase the AMPT\u2010induced decay of NA was biphasic \u2013 namely an initial rapid decline over the first 15\u2003min which was followed by a slow\u2010rate decline \u2013 an observation indicating that NA turnover was higher in the dark. Acute exposure of the dark\u2010adapted P30 and P57 chickens to light significantly decreased pineal NA content, but did not affect pineal NA concentrations in younger birds. Our results suggest that the NA rhythm in the chicken pineal gland and its sensitivity to light regulation progressively develop during the first month of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2004.00182.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,31]],"date-time":"2005-01-31T09:08:37Z","timestamp":1107162517000},"page":"123-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Posthatching developmental changes in noradrenaline content in the chicken pineal gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jolanta B.","family":"Zawilska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Berezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Stasikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lorenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Skene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy Z.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"The avian pineal gland, a vertebrate model system of the circadian oscillator. 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