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Male Wistar rats received melatonin i.p. at a dose of 1.0\u2003mg\/kg body weight 30\u2003min before being exercised for 60\u2003min on a treadmill at a speed of 25\u2003m\/min and a 10% slope. Exercise caused a significant induction of iNOS protein levels and a marked activation of NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B that were significantly prevented in rats treated with melatonin. Exercise also resulted in increased I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B kinase<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (IKK<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and phosphorylated I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> protein levels, whereas I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> content decreased. These effects were blocked by melatonin administration. The increase in the muscle concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and in the oxidized\/reduced glutathione ratio induced by exercise was partially prevented by melatonin. Our data indicate that melatonin has potent protective effects against damage caused by acute exercise in rat muscle, preventing oxidative stress, NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B activation and iNOS over\u2010expression. These findings support the view that melatonin treatment, by abolishing the IKK\/NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signal transduction pathway, might block the production of noxious mediators involved in the inflammatory process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00323.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T14:01:47Z","timestamp":1146060107000},"page":"8-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["RETRACTED: Melatonin inhibits the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B activation in rat skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar 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