{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:07:05Z","timestamp":1779163625481,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]],"date-time":"2006-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A large number of data show that melatonin has immunomodulatory properties and is produced by immunocompetent cells; also, some evidence suggests a \u2018feedback\u2019 of the activated immune system on the pineal gland. In this paper, we studied immune\u2013pineal interactions in colostrum obtained from healthy puerperae and mothers with mastitis taking into account that, (a) melatonin levels in milk reflects pineal activity and (b) colostrum quiescent mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes from healthy mothers in culture are adequate for evaluating the ability of immunocompetent cells to produce melatonin. Here we compared the diurnal and nocturnal melatonin levels in colostrum from healthy puerperae and mothers with mastitis; this is a unique noninvasive model for determining pineal activity in the proinflammatory phase of a defense response. In addition, we determined the \u2018in vitro\u2019 production of melatonin by colostrum immunocompetent cells stimulated by enteropathogenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> or zymosan. Suppression of nocturnal melatonin rise in mothers with mastitis was highly correlated with increased tumor necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) secretion. This result, interpreted taking into account the presence of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B in pineal gland, suggest that the proinflammatory cytokine can inhibit nocturnal pineal melatonin production. On the other hand, stimulated, but not quiescent, immunocompetent cells secreted in the colostrum produced melatonin in vitro. In addition, this production ceases after bacteria killing. These results suggest that during the response to an injury the production of melatonin can be transiently shifted from an endocrine (pineal) to a paracrine (immunocompetent cells) source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00345.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]],"date-time":"2006-06-09T10:26:51Z","timestamp":1149848811000},"page":"136-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Injury switches melatonin production source from endocrine (pineal) to paracrine (phagocytes) \u2013 melatonin in human colostrum and colostrum phagocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gerl\u00e2ndia N.","family":"Pontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magda M. S.","family":"Carneiro\u2010Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina P.","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y03-026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0694fje","article-title":"Evidence of melatonin synthesis by human lymphocytes and its physiological significance: possible role as intracrine, autocrine, and\/or paracrine substance","volume":"3","author":"Carrillo\u2010Vico A","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1203614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01369-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00337-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.3.838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.4.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1511","volume-title":"Mucosal Immunology","author":"Goldman AS","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029900004489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449901500407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.2001.1813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021608724117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00247.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703846"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2003.02944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-86.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-1-200307010-00009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-079X.2006.00345.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00345.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:13:36Z","timestamp":1697058816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00345.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00345.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00345.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3098","1600-079X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3098","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-079X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]]}}}