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Thus, we evaluated the changes in the humoral innate immune system of seabream (<jats:italic>Sparus aurata<\/jats:italic> L.) and sea bass (<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic> L.) specimens exposed to a constant light\u2013dark photoperiod (12\u2003hr L:12\u2003hr D). Serum was obtained from blood samples collected at 02:00, 08:00\u2003hr (light\u2010on), 14:00, 20:00\u2003hr (light\u2010off) and at 08:00\u2003hr again. Among the humoral innate immune responses, complement, lysozyme and peroxidase activities were determined. Complement activity was higher during the day than during the night in both fish species. Seabream lysozyme activity reached its maximum at 20:00 and 02:00\u2003hr but was hardly affected in sea bass. Finally, the peroxidase activity of seabream was significantly higher at 08:00\u2003hr than during the rest of the cycle while, in sea bass, it showed little variation. The present results demonstrate that the humoral innate immune system has a circadian rhythm based on the light\u2013dark cycle and that this cycle might be affected by the pineal gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00362.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T23:46:49Z","timestamp":1152316009000},"page":"261-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Effect of photoperiod on the fish innate immune system: a link between fish pineal gland and the immune system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"\u00c1ngeles 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