{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:02:16Z","timestamp":1790917336953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> LIM homeodomain proteins Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 expression and their role in nervous tissue and endocrine glands have been reported; however, nothing is known concerning Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 expression in the developing pineal gland of the chick embryo. The aim of the present study was to determine the ontogeny of Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 expression in the developing pineal gland of chick embryo using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 immunopositive cells were first detected in the pineal evagination of chick embryos at day 4 (E4) and E4.5 of incubation, respectively. In the later developing stages, both Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 immunopositive cells were consistently detected in the follicular and parafollicular pinealocytes throughout the pineal gland. The relative percentage of Islet\u20101 immunopositive (Islet\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cells relative to the total cells was about 6% at E4.5, and then kept increasing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) and reached about 40% by E12.5; this was followed by no obvious changes until the chicks were newly hatched. The change in Lim\u20103 immunopositive (Lim\u20103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cell number was parallel to that of Islet\u20101, although Lim\u20103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell were significantly fewer than Islet\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell numbers from E4.5 to E8.5 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Dual immunohistochemical staining results showed that almost all the Lim\u20103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells expressed Islet\u20101 at every stage examined, and about 90% of Islet\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells were proliferating cell nuclear antigen negative. These results suggest that both Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 may be involved in regulating the development and functional maturation of the pineal gland, although further studies are required in elucidating the functional roles of Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 and the related mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00363.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T23:46:49Z","timestamp":1152316009000},"page":"247-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["LIM homeodomain proteins Islet\u20101 and Lim\u20103 expressions in the developing pineal gland of chick embryo by immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001620402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58932-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1988.tb00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000144442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00184-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00643-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"Postnatal 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