{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:49:53Z","timestamp":1777020593038,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, has shown to be beneficial in murine Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus infection. In addition, melatonin can induces the production of interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), a cytokine capable of inducing increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase; the activity of this enzyme is increased in the brain of mice infected with VEE virus. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of VEE virus on the nitric oxide (NO) production, lipid peroxidation and IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> production in the brain and serum of mice infected with VEE virus, and to investigate the modulatory role of melatonin during this viral infection. Mice were infected with 10 LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of VEE virus and treated with melatonin (500\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg of body weight) starting 3\u2003days before and continuing for 5\u2003days after virus inoculation. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3 and 5 postinfection and brains and blood samples were obtained. NO and IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> production and lipid peroxidation levels were measured in perfused brain homogenates and serum. Increased production of brain nitrite was found on days 1, 3 and 5 postinfection and lipid peroxidation products were increased at day 5. Levels of serum nitrite were found elevated on days 3 and 5 postinfection; however, lipid peroxidation products remained similar to basal levels. Melatonin treatment decreased nitrite concentration in brain and serum of infected mice as well as the lipid peroxidation products in the brain. IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was found to be increased in the brain and serum of infected animals, and melatonin treatment induced higher levels of this cytokine (brain: about 4\u2010fold; serum: about 8\u2010fold). These results may be related to the beneficial effect of melatonin in the VEE experimental disease and address the possible therapeutic potential of the indoleamine in human VEE virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00381.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T12:04:45Z","timestamp":1159185885000},"page":"107-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Melatonin decreases nitric oxide production and lipid peroxidation and increases interleukin\u20101 beta in the brain of mice infected by the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nereida","family":"Valero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"MarinaEspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Mosquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816940.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"324","article-title":"Seroprevalencia de la encefalitis equina venezolana en una poblaci\u00f3n de \u00e9quidos del Estado Zulia, Venezuela, 1999\u20132001","author":"Valero N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Revista Cient\u00edfica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90170-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011645400123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90121-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022897314108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:34:2:237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(96)84920-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107999000312621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"HammomW SatherG.Abroviruses. 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