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In the present study, we found that melatonin reduced the growth of the human myeloid leukemia cells HL\u201060, inhibiting progression from G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> to S phase of the cell cycle and increasing apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, melatonin treatment elevated cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> release from mitochondria and augmented caspase\u20103 and caspase\u20109 activities. Upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl\u20102 was also observed upon melatonin treatment. The effects of melatonin were found not to be mediated by membrane receptors for the indoleamine. Together, our results suggest that melatonin reduces the viability of HL\u201060 cells via induction of apoptosis primarily through regulation of Bax\/Bcl\u20102 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2006.00392.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]],"date-time":"2007-01-04T19:34:52Z","timestamp":1167939292000},"page":"131-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by melatonin in human myeloid HL\u201060 cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Rubio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Est\u00e9vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russel 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