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Based on the data available, melatonin seems to have cardioprotective properties via its direct free radical scavenger and its indirect antioxidant activity. Melatonin efficiently interacts with various reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (receptor independent actions) and it also upregulates antioxidant enzymes and downregulates pro\u2010oxidant enzymes (receptor\u2010dependent actions). Moreover, melatonin enters all cells and subcellular compartments and crosses morphophysiologic barriers. These findings have implications for the protective effects of melatonin against cardiac diseases induced by oxidative stress. Melatonin attenuates molecular and cellular damages resulting from cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion in which destructive free radicals are involved. Anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidative properties of melatonin are also involved in the protection against a chronic vascular disease, atherosclerosis. The administration of melatonin, as a result of its antioxidant features, has been reported to reduce hypertension and cardiotoxicity induced by clinically used drugs. The results described herein help to clarify the beneficial effects of melatonin against these conditions and define the potential clinical applicability of melatonin in cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2007.00518.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,31]],"date-time":"2007-10-31T15:24:15Z","timestamp":1193844255000},"page":"16-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["Cardiovascular diseases: protective effects of melatonin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Tengattini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russel J.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dun\u2010Xian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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