{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:26:32Z","timestamp":1791174392248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cigarette smoke (CS) causes harmful alterations in the lungs and airway structures and functions that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to COPD, active cigarette smoking causes other respiratory diseases and diminishes health status. Furthermore, recent studies show that, \u03b1, \u03b2\u2010unsaturated aldehyde acrolein in CS induces the production of interleukin (IL)\u20108, which is known to be related to bronchitis, rhinitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In addition, lung and pulmonary fibroblasts secrete IL\u20108, which has a chemotactic effect on leukocytes, and which in turn, play a critical role in lung inflammation. On the other hand, melatonin regulates circadian rhythm homeostasis in humans and has many other effects, which include antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by the reduced expressions of iNOS, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 and increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activities. In this study, we investigated whether melatonin suppresses acrolein\u2010induced IL\u20108 secretion in human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs). It was found that acrolein\u2010induced IL\u20108 production was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinases (ERK1\/2) in HPFs, and that melatonin suppressed IL\u20108 production in HPFs. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses acrolein\u2010induced IL\u20108 production via ERK1\/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase (PI3K)\/Akt signal inhibition in HPFs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2011.00950.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T15:50:03Z","timestamp":1314805803000},"page":"356-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Melatonin suppresses acrolein\u2010induced IL\u20108 production in human pulmonary fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Gun\u2010Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung 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