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However, the effect of melatonin on SFAs\u2010induced cytotoxicity in astroglial cells, if any, has remained to be explored. This study reports that in primary cultured astroglial cells, melatonin significantly attenuated palmitic acid (PA)\u2010induced cytotoxicity in a concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. Additionally, melatonin effectively suppressed PA\u2010induced reactive oxygen species generation and prevented PA\u2010induced apoptosis whereby the rise in Bax\/Bcl\u20102 ratio and caspase\u20103 activation in astroglial cells was inhibited. However, it did not appear to exert an obvious effect on PA\u2010induced intracellular calcium overload. Luzindole, a nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, attenuated melatonin\u2019s promotion effect of cell survival and Stat3 phosphorylation, indicating that melatonin exerts its protective property in astroglial cells, at least in part, through the activation of membrane receptors and then Stat3 signaling pathway. Finally, melatonin had an inhibitory effect on the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine gene expression. The results suggest that melatonin may be an effective cytoprotective agent against PA\u2010based cytotoxicity through modulating cell survival and inflammatory response in astroglial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079x.2011.00952.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T03:55:03Z","timestamp":1314849303000},"page":"253-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cytoprotective effects of melatonin on astroglial cells subjected to palmitic acid treatment in 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