{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:02:57Z","timestamp":1790791377168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,2]],"date-time":"2005-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The energy balance and nutritional adequacy was assessed in a group of runners with irregular menstrual function (IR, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10) and in a comparable group of runners with normal menstrual function (R, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Based on computerized records of 3 days food intake, the mean content of energy and macronutrients were estimated. Excess energy expenditure (EEE) during training hours was estimated using HF monitoring and individual HF\/VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nomograms. For the rest of a daily 24 h cycle, estimated values for basal metabolic rate (BMR) and sedentary metabolic rate were applied.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Daily training\u2010related excess energy expenditure (2.1\u00b10.3 vs 2.2\u00b10.4)\u2003MJ (Mean\u00b1SEM) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (11.0\u00b10.3 vs 11.2\u00b10.4)\u2003MJ in R vs IR were not different in the two groups. Calculated daily energy intake (EI) was, however, significantly lower in IR (9.7\u00b10.5\u2003MJ) than in R (12.3\u00b10.7\u2003MJ), (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.007). Calculated EI and TEE were in balance in R athletes. When the same calculations were applied on IR athletes, a moderate but statistically significant negative energy balance was found (\u22121.5\u00b10.6 MJ, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03). The calculated energy deficit was supported by significantly lower levels of free thyroxine in IR athletes, and may indicate an adaptive lower BMR in IR athletes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Mean intakes of carbohydrates (7.0\u2003g\/kg in R and 5.7\u2003g\/kg in IR) and protein (1.71\u2003g\/kg in R and 1.49\u2003g\/kg in IR) were close to guidelines. Intakes were not significantly different in the two groups. The most important difference in macronutrient intake was found in dietary fat (1.70\u2003g\/kg in R and 1.04\u2003g\/kg in IR) that was significantly lower in the IR group than in the R group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.007).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The weight stable IR and R athletes seemed to meet the recommended intake of carbohydrates, protein and fat in their diet fairly well. However, according to the present calculations, a small energy deficit was observed in IR athletes but not in R athletes. Compared with the intake of the R athletes, this energy deficit seems primarily to be related to a lower intake of dietary fat in IR athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00451.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T13:54:13Z","timestamp":1137592453000},"page":"127-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Energy balance in weight stable athletes with and without menstrual disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"S. E.","family":"Tomten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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