{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:16:12Z","timestamp":1793121372664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"\n Greater gender differences have been found in exercise modes where the upper body is involved. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of poling on gender differences in endurance performance by elite cross\u2010country skiers. Initially, the performance of eight male and eight female sprint skiers was compared during four different types of exercise involving different degrees of poling: double poling (\n DP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ),\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 skating, and diagonal stride (\n DIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) techniques during treadmill roller skiing, and treadmill running (\n RUN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Thereafter,\n DP<\/jats:styled-content>\n was examined for physiological and kinematic parameters. The relative gender differences associated with the\n DP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3,\n DIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n RUN<\/jats:styled-content>\n performances were approximately 20%, 17%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Thus, the type of exercise exerted an overall effect on the relative gender differences (\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). In connection with\n DP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , the men achieved 63%, 16%, and 8% higher\n \n VO\n 2peak<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n than the women in absolute terms and with normalization for total and fat\u2010free body mass (all\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). The\n \n DP VO\n 2peak<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in percentage of\n \n VO\n 2max<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n RUN<\/jats:styled-content>\n was higher in men (\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). The gender difference in\n DP<\/jats:styled-content>\n peak cycle length was 23% (\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrates that the gender difference in performance by elite sprint skiers is enhanced when the contribution from poling increases.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01482.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T08:29:34Z","timestamp":1337848174000},"page":"28-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Gender differences in endurance performance by elite cross\u2010country skiers are influenced by the contribution from poling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"\u00d8.","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ettema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010C.","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health Sciences Mid Sweden University \u00d6stersund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.4.1317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Total body fat, calculated from body density, and its relationship to skinfold thickness in 571 people aged 12\u201372 years","volume":"32","author":"Durnin JV","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"FIS.International ski federation world cup results.2010. 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