{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:24:40Z","timestamp":1790843080916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]],"date-time":"2007-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1171584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/purpose: <\/jats:bold> The skin has the unique ability to survive ischemia associated with skin grafts, flaps and hair transplantation procedures. Spectroscopic data later confirmed by chromatography, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques identified the presence of large quantities of phosphocreatine in human skin. Phosphocreatine molecules regenerate ATP cellular reserves during ischemia. This reaction is mediated by creatine phosphokinase enzymes that were also isolated and studied in normal and diseased skin.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Literature search revealed important contributions by US, Swiss, German, French, Scandinavian and Japanese investigators in the development and understanding of this research field.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Serum creatine phosphokinase levels are elevated in burn victims and patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis. Phosphocreatine concentration and creatine phosphokinase activity are elevated in psoriatic skin and in non\u2010melanoma malignancies in comparison with normal skin. Furthermore, skin phosphocreatine and creatine phosphokinase enzymes are localized almost exclusively within the epidermis and in hair follicles. Finally, phosphocreatine and creatine phosphokinase enzymes help to protect skin from UV damage.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Clearly, this research area is only starting to be appreciated by the scientific community. Topical and systemic phosphocreatine administration appears to reverse photodamage and improve wound healing. Spectroscopic monitoring of phosphocreatine and related phosphometabolites can be potentially used to monitor disease activity and respond to therapy in psoriasis, leg ulcers, skin malignancies and other skin conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00228.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]],"date-time":"2007-02-16T18:58:48Z","timestamp":1171652328000},"page":"115-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Skin phosphocreatine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zemtsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1985.248.1.C177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Human in vivo\n                  31P spectroscopy of skin","volume":"15","author":"Zemtsov A","year":"1989","journal-title":"potentially a powerful tool for noninvasive study of metabolism in a cutaneous tissue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skin","volume":"81","author":"Cuono CB","year":"1988","journal-title":"predictive correlates for clinical application"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198806000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Chronological observation of the energy metabolism of skin flaps by 31P MRS","author":"Kanno K","year":"1993","journal-title":"a novel approach to evaluate the state of a flap"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Epidermis is the origin of high creatine kinase levels in skin blister fluid","volume":"69","author":"Kistala U","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol (Stockholm)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissue with high and fluctuating energy demands","volume":"281","author":"Walliman T","year":"1992","journal-title":"the \u201cphosphocreatine circuit\u201d for cellular energy homeostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Functional aspects of the x\u2010ray structure of mitochondrial creatine kinase","volume":"184","author":"Schlattner U","year":"1998","journal-title":"a molecular physiology approach"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910270120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199301000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199412000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199608)9:5<195::AID-NBM416>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"258","article-title":"Levels of high energy phosphate in the dorsal skin of the foot in normal and diabetic adults","volume":"20","author":"Smith DG","year":"1999","journal-title":"the role of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and direct quantification with high pressure liquid chromatography"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"Creatine kinase as a prognostic indicator in electrical injury","volume":"104","author":"Ahrenholz DH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"959","article-title":"Human in vivo phosphorous 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of psoriasis","volume":"30","author":"Zemtsov A","year":"1994","journal-title":"a noninvasive tool to monitor response to treatment and to study Pathophysiology of the disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1995.tb00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680230099015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"443","article-title":"The creatine kinase system in human skin","volume":"124","author":"Lenz H","year":"2005","journal-title":"protective effects of creatine against oxidative and UV damage in vitro and in vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","article-title":"Topical application of creatine is multibeneficial for human skin","volume":"52","author":"Blatt T","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Augmentation of experimental skin flap survival via postoperative phosphocreatine replacement","volume":"102","author":"Cuono CB","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Age dependent response of energy metabolism of human skin to UVA exposur","volume":"8","author":"Declercq L","year":"2002","journal-title":"an in vivo study by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600830927"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0846.2007.00228.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00228.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T06:59:40Z","timestamp":1697007580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00228.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00228.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00228.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,16]]}}}