{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:13:30Z","timestamp":1759335210195},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,13]],"date-time":"2009-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/purpose: <\/jats:bold> Epidermal injury is common but the accuracy of visual methods is significantly impacted by the inherent skin pigmentation. We examined imaging and fluorescence techniques to quantify tissue injury as a function of skin color.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Epidermal and mucosal scratches were created in 20 light\u2010 (<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> 68.2\u00b12.3) and 20 dark\u2010skinned (<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> 46.4\u00b15.2) females. Injured and uninjured sites were treated with toluidine blue (TB), fluorescein (FL) and a TB\/FL mixture and photographed under conditions of white and fluorescent light. <jats:italic>Area<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>intensity<\/jats:italic> parameters were determined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Injured sites with TB and TB\/FL had higher <jats:italic>areas<\/jats:italic> than the control for both light and dark subjects (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The <jats:italic>intensity<\/jats:italic> of the injured TB site was higher than the control for light skin only. The <jats:italic>areas<\/jats:italic> of injured sites with FL and TB\/FL were higher than the control for both groups as were the <jats:italic>intensities<\/jats:italic> of the injured sites with FL. The findings were similar for the lip skin.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Application of TB and FL contrasts under white and fluorescent light can be used to quantify tissue injuries for <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> values &gt;35 and is a promising approach for the quantitation across a range of skin pigmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2008.00348.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,13]],"date-time":"2009-01-13T23:50:14Z","timestamp":1231890614000},"page":"180-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitation of epidermal and mucosal tissue injury using contrast agents and imaging techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marty O.","family":"Visscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Barford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Dock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn S.","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Sexual assault: the medical\u2013legal examination","author":"Crowley S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","volume-title":"Emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice","author":"Burnette G","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.11.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-438CR"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Use of sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas","volume":"114","author":"Keerl R","year":"2004","journal-title":"an analysis of 420 administrations and reported complications in Europe and the United States"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","unstructured":"SagelM RubushME ArmstrongR.Plaque assessment via computer aided digital image analysis (DIPA). 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