{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T17:10:03Z","timestamp":1768237803212,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,11]],"date-time":"2009-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/aims: <\/jats:bold> The pathogenesis of dark circles of the lower eyelid (DCLE) has been considered to involve stasis and hyperpigmentation of the eyelids. We have already reported that dermal thickness of lower eyelid skin may represent another factor that affects the appearance of DCLE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C, which is known to increase collagen, on DCLE through a clinical trial.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Fourteen subjects with DCLE applied either 10% sodium ascorbate (ANa) or ascorbic acid glucoside (AG) lotion in split\u2010face fashion (opposite side: vehicle only) for 6 months. Melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), thickness and echogenicity of the dermis at bilateral lower eyelids was measured during this trial.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Change in EI was significantly smaller on the ANa\u2010treated side than on the vehicle\u2010treated side. Dermal thickness tended to be thicker for the ANa\u2010treated side than for the vehicle\u2010treated side, although no significant difference was seen. Both EI and dermal thickness tended to change in parallel manner. On the other hand, no significant differences in changes of EI, MI, and dermal thickness were found between AG\u2010 and vehicle\u2010treated sides.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> ANa may improve DCLE by thickening the eyelid dermis and concealing dark coloration due to congested blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00356.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T01:34:00Z","timestamp":1236821640000},"page":"214-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids: quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Mizukoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Oyobikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuo","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Takiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Eye area problems puffiness, bags, dark circles and crowsfeet","volume":"102","author":"Oresajo C","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cosmetics Toiletries"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Evaluation of dark circles of the lower eyelid","volume":"14","author":"Ohshima H","year":"2008","journal-title":"comparison between reflectance meters and image processing and involvement of dermal thickness in appearance"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.01129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Topical ascorbic acid on photoaged skin. 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