{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:05:45Z","timestamp":1787015145738,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This paper presents a comprehensive review of acne grading and measurement. Acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous units, with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and\n                    <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity. Most patients are affected with acne vulgaris, which is the prevalent type of acne. Acne vulgaris consists of comedones (whitehead and blackhead), papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To review and identify the issues for acne vulgaris grading and computational assessment methods. To determine the future direction for addressing the identified issues.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    There are two main methods of assessment for acne severity grading, namely, lesion counting and comparison of patient with a photographic standard. For the computational assessment method, the emphasis is on computational imaging techniques.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Current acne grading methods are very time consuming and tedious. Generally, they rely on approximation for counting lesions and hence the assessment is quite subjective, with both inter and intra\u2010observer variability. It is important to accurately assess acne grade to evaluate its severity as this influences treatment selection and assessment of response to therapy. This will further help in better disease management and more efficacious treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Semi\u2010automated or automated methods based on computational imaging techniques should be devised for acne grade assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00542.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T00:06:30Z","timestamp":1306195590000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Acne analysis, grading and computational assessment methods: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Roshaslinie","family":"Ramli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir Saeed","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Fadzil Mohamad","family":"Hani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adawiyah","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"563","article-title":"Treating acne vulgaris","volume":"3","author":"Savage LJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"systemic, local and combination therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17469872.3.5.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","first-page":"551","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of facial and truncal acne in a referral cohort","volume":"7","author":"Tan K","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"1584","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris","volume":"138","author":"Cordin L","year":"2002","journal-title":"a disease of western civilization"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"43.1","volume-title":"Rook's textbook of dermatology","author":"Simpson N","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Acne therapy","volume":"47","author":"Lehmann HP","year":"2002","journal-title":"a methodologic review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.51258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","first-page":"810pp","volume-title":"Dermatology","author":"Pillsbury DM","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"394","article-title":"The assessment of acne","volume":"22","author":"Witkowski JA","year":"2004","journal-title":"an evaluation of grading and lesion counting in the measurement of acne"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010050005003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90497-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90680-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639809160698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00403.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Acne prevalence and beyond","volume":"35","author":"Law MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"acne disability and its predictive factors among Chinese late adolescents in Hong Kong"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.30288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","first-page":"840","article-title":"Factors believed by Jordanian acne patients to affect their acne condition","volume":"12","author":"El\u2010Akawi Z","year":"2006","journal-title":"La Revue de Sante de la Mediterranee orientale (East Mediterr Health J)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Psychosocial aspects of Acne vulgaris","volume":"21","author":"Do JE","year":"2009","journal-title":"a community-based study with Korean adolescents"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HC09020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","first-page":"410809\u20101\u20103","article-title":"Evaluation of acne quality of life and clinical severity in acne female adults","author":"Amal K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","first-page":"452","article-title":"Predictive factors for acne flare during isotretinoin treatment","volume":"18","author":"Zeynep D","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. 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