{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:48:57Z","timestamp":1791287337225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is a cutaneous pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches that result from loss of epidermal melanocytes. Physician evaluates the efficacy of treatment by comparing the extent of vitiligo lesions before and after treatment based on the overall visual impression of the treatment response. This method is called the physician's global assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGA<\/jats:styled-content>) which is subjective. In this article, we present an innovative digital image processing method to determine vitiligo lesion area in an objective manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The digital method uses Independent Component Analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICA<\/jats:styled-content>) to generate melanin\u2010based images representing skin areas due to melanin followed by Region Growing process to segment vitiligo lesion from normal skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on 41 digital images of vitiligo lesions taken from 18 patients, the proposed method achieved sensitivities of 0.9105\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0161, specificities of 0.9973\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0009 and accuracies of 0.9901\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0028 at 95% confidence level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the proposed method, physicians are able to assess vitiligo treatment efficacies objectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T10:36:48Z","timestamp":1326278208000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Computerised image analysis of vitiligo lesion: evaluation using manually defined lesion areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hermawan","family":"Nugroho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research Centre Department of Electrical &amp; Electronic Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Hani","family":"Ahmad Fadzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research Centre Department of Electrical &amp; Electronic Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norashikin","family":"Shamsudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. H.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.6.730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment in vitiligo using a newly developed digital imaging analysis technique for evalution of repigmentation progression","author":"Shamsudin N","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMMA.0000015918.73088.8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900802454459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.16.002169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.232346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.761722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"A new digital image analysis system useful for sufrace assessment of vitiligo lesions in transplantation studies","volume":"14","author":"Van Geel N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Digital image processing","author":"Gonzalez RC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2005.01.004"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0846.2011.00610.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T13:00:07Z","timestamp":1697288407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}}}