{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:52:52Z","timestamp":1789379572014,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ideal gentle cleansing product is one that effectively removes soils while minimizing damage to the skin. Thus, measuring physical abrasion caused by cleansing tissues is critical to the continued development of gentle cleansing products. Current analysis of cleansing materials for skin gentleness is time consuming and requires expensive human subject testing. This report describes the development of a rapid and inexpensive bench assay for the assessment of skin abrasion caused by wiping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coefficient of friction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COF<\/jats:styled-content>) evaluations using bench methods were compared with results from clinical studies of repeated wiping and with confocal visualizations of excised skin. A Monitor\/Slip and Friction<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> instrument (model 32\u201006; TMI, Amityville, NY, USA) was used to measure tissue friction on simulated skin (Vitro\u2010Skin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, N19\u20105X; IMS, Milford, CT, USA). Clinical data from a 4\u2010day repetitive forearm wiping study measuring transepidermal water loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content>) in 30 subjects was compared with results from the bench top assay. In addition, excised skin samples were also treated using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COF<\/jats:styled-content> bench assay and examined using confocal microscopy to visualize stratum corneum damage caused by wiping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the bench <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COF<\/jats:styled-content> assay, we were able to distinguish between bath tissue codes by comparing average static friction value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASFV<\/jats:styled-content>) for the test codes, where lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASFV<\/jats:styled-content> indicated less abrasive tissue. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASFV<\/jats:styled-content> followed the same gentleness trend observed in the clinical study. Confocal microscopy of excised skin wiped with the same materials indicated stratum corneum damage consistent with the bench <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COF<\/jats:styled-content> and clinical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> observations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significant correlation between bench and clinical methods for measuring skin damage caused by wiping of skin with tissue. The bench method will facilitate rapid and inexpensive skin gentleness assessment of cleansing materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00663.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T06:21:10Z","timestamp":1344838870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> prediction of <i>in vivo<\/i> skin damage associated with the wiping of dry tissue against skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberly\u2010Clark Corporation Neenah WI 54956 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barb","family":"Dvoracek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberly\u2010Clark Corporation Neenah WI 54956 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Vongsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberly\u2010Clark Corporation Neenah WI 54956 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/05698190490493355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555559285291","article-title":"A quantitative method for the assessment of the microtopography of human skin","volume":"59","author":"Makki S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Usefulness of surface topography analysis in psoriatic skin","volume":"146","author":"Monti M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2007.01.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7765(99)00169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2008.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2006.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-725X.2006.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000322306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12507530"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Skin friction coefficient: changes induced by skin hydration and emollient application and correlation with perceived skin feel","volume":"32","author":"Nacht S","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649909071625"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051758605600909"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0846.2012.00663.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00663.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T12:58:34Z","timestamp":1697288314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00663.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00663.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00663.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]}}}