{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1767847156525,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5088,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>PROBLEM:<\/jats:bold> The placenta is a highly selective barrier against the hematogenous dissemination of infectious agents. Despite the presence of seemingly intact physical and immunologic barriers, infections nonetheless occur. These observations prompted the examination of placental tissue, amnion, and chorion for previously unrecognized protective mechanisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>METHOD OF STUDY:<\/jats:bold> Messenger RNA from term placenta, amnion, and chorion were reverse transcribed using a 3\u2032 RACE adapter. 3\u2032 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)\u2010polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on cDNA from these tissues to detect the presence of human defensins. Southern analysis and partial sequence analysis were subsequently performed to confirm identity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> PCR amplification of placental, amnion, and chorion cDNA yielded a 468\u2010bp product and a weakly detectable band of 300 bp. Southern analysis demonstrated two corresponding hybridizing bands in the placenta, amnion, and chorion but not from a negative cDNA control. Partial sequence analysis of the 468\u2010bp product from placenta confirmed the presence of either defensin 1 or 3 in human placenta.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> The human placenta, amnion, and chorion express defensins at the level of transcription. These findings suggest that a novel and previously unrecognized mechanism of protecting the fetus against infection may be present within these tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T08:00:08Z","timestamp":1315296008000},"page":"252-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Detection of Human Defensins in the Placenta"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Svinarich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.9.3952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)81160-2"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)50079-X","article-title":"Paneth cells of the human small intestine express an antimicrobial peptide gene","volume":"267","author":"Jones DE","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.9.3556-3565.1992","article-title":"Cryptdins: Antimicrobial defensins of the murine small intestine","volume":"60","author":"Eisenhauer PB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90632-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1990.tb00339.x","article-title":"Defensins [Review]","volume":"44","author":"Ganz T","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49723-8","article-title":"Characterization of the human lysyl oxidase gene locus","volume":"267","author":"Svinarich DM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.10.3961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70517-9"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T10:38:59Z","timestamp":1698403139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00511.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}}}