{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:05:48Z","timestamp":1770822348160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4876,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>PROBLEM:<\/jats:bold> The finding of MMP\u20102 (which degrades type IV collagen) and TIMP\u20102 (the tissue inhibitor of MMP) in fetal membranes suggests the possibility of membrane self\u2010destruction as an etiology of premature rupture of fetal membranes. MMP\u20102 is activated by a membrane\u2010bound MMP (MT1\u2010MMP). This study was undertaken to detect the presence of MT1\u2010MMP in human fetal membranes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>METHOD OF STUDY:<\/jats:bold> Fetal membranes were placed in an organ explant system and stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS). MT1\u2010MMP expression was studied in frozen tissues by reverse transcriptase (RT)\u2010polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed in our laboratory. DNA sequence analysis was performed to verify the specificity of PCR products. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to localize MT1\u2010MMP mRNA and peptide, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> RT\u2010PCR data indicated the presence of mRNA for MT1\u2010MMP in fetal membranes. Although PCR is not quantitative, no differences in mRNA band intensities were noticed after LPS stimulation. MT1\u2010MMP expression was constitutive throughout the culture period. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization demonstrated amnion, chorionic laeve, cytotrophoblast cells, and the cells in the reticular and spongy layer of the extracellular matrix as the origin of MT1\u2010MMP mRNA and peptide.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> This is the first study documenting the amniochorionic membrane as a source of MT1\u2010MMP mRNA and peptide. Activation of progelatinase A requires the presence of this membrane\u2010associated MMP. The finding of MT1 \u2010MMP in a tissue already known to produce MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102 documents the full system for activation and inhibition of this gelatinase. During infection, an imbalance in the expression of MT1\u2010MMP, MMP\u20102, and TIMP\u20102 may constitute an endogenous pathway of membrane degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T11:49:10Z","timestamp":1315309750000},"page":"316-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression of a Progelatinase Activator (MT1\u2010MMP) in Human Fetal Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore J.","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"(ed): Preterm birth: Causes, Prevention and Management","author":"Stubblefield PG","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198809000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4193-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90404-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70260-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90640-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.10.5331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.3.999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/370061a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Activation mechanisms of the precursors of the matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3","volume":"1","author":"Nagase H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Matrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49547-1","article-title":"Domain structure of human 72\u2010kDa gelatinase\/type IV collagenase","volume":"267","author":"Fridman R","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"2707","article-title":"Membrane\u2010type matrix metalloproteinase 1 is gelatinolytic enzyme and is secreted in a complex with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2","volume":"56","author":"Imai K","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.4.2446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(05)80460-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"487","article-title":"Collagen content of human amniotic membranes: effect of gestational length and premature rupture","volume":"57","author":"Skinner SJM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"3272","article-title":"Complex regulation of membrane type\u2010matrix metalloproteinase expression and matrix metalloproteinase activation by concanavalin A in MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 human breast cancer cells","volume":"55","author":"Yu M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1698490712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00524.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}}}