{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T20:18:02Z","timestamp":1768249082186,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]],"date-time":"2004-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate immunophenotypic characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells by assessing specific molecules expressed in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) of unexplained etiology.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Peripheral blood cells were obtained from 20 RSA women and 15 fertile controls. The expression of perforin, CD94, CD161, CD158a, CD158b, and CD244 on CD3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A significant decrease in CD158a expression was demonstrated in RSA women (mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SD, 22.9\u2003\u00b1\u20038.7%) as compared with that in controls (33.6\u2003\u00b1\u200315.7%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). The percentage of NK cells showing dual expression of CD94 and CD161 was relatively higher in RSA women (55.1\u2003\u00b1\u200310.2%) than in the controls (47.1\u2003\u00b1\u200319.0%), but without statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.096). The expression of perforin, CD158b, or CD244 in RSA women did not differ from that in the controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A divergence of the specific NK cell repertoire might be related to the etiology of RSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00139.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]],"date-time":"2004-03-12T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1079107649000},"page":"241-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Decrease in a Specific Killer Cell Immunoglobulin\u2010Like Receptor on Peripheral Natural Killer Cells in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion of Unexplained Etiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hideto","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi H.","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Iwabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Ono\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Minakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(99)00182-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.460203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01673-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1676::AID-IMMU1676>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.6.2417","article-title":"Human NKR\u2010P1A. 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